Diseases & Treatment

Puberty represents one of the most complex endocrine and morphofunctional stages in human development. During this time, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activates, triggering the onset of sexual maturation. This period is characterized not only by the development of the reproductive system but also by massive somatic, hormonal, and psychoemotional shifts. Naturally, the structural changes occurring in the breast tissue during puberty frequently become a major so

Menopause is a natural, physiological transition in a woman’s life, characterized by the cessation of the ovaries' reproductive and hormonal functions. Clinically, menopause is confirmed when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. This phase triggers massive endocrine shifts throughout the body, profoundly impacting estrogen-dependent organs—first and foremost, the breasts. As breast specialists, we consider menopause to be one of the most critical

In the multidisciplinary fight against breast cancer, early and precise diagnosis remains our most formidable weapon. Modern clinical oncology has undergone a significant paradigm shift, transitioning from an obsolete "one-size-fits-all" model to highly individualized, personalized screening protocols. Today, the selection of breast imaging modalities is meticulously tailored to the patient’s age, specific clinical risk factors, genetic predisposition, and mammographic tissue

Breast pathologies in men are relatively rare in clinical practice, yet they represent a critical segment from both a diagnostic and prognostic perspective. Low public awareness and social stigma often lead to delayed presentations. This delay complicates the management of benign conditions and, more importantly, hinders the early detection and effective treatment of male breast cancer. 1. Gynecomastia: Dysregulation of Hormonal Homeostasis Gynecomastia is defined as the beni